How is PCOS diagnosed in the UK?
In the United Kingdom, the diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is typically based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The process may involve the following steps:
Medical History: The healthcare provider will discuss your medical history, including menstrual patterns, symptoms such as acne or hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and any issues related to fertility.
Physical Examination: A physical examination may be conducted to assess signs of PCOS, such as examining the ovaries for enlargement or the presence of cysts. It’s likely that your doctor will ask about your recent periods, any acne issues, and if you’ve noticed more hair where you don’t want it.
Blood Tests: Blood tests may be ordered to measure hormone levels, including:
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): An elevated LH-to-FSH ratio is often observed in women with PCOS.
Testosterone: Elevated levels of testosterone may contribute to symptoms like hirsutism.
Insulin and Glucose: Insulin resistance is common in women with PCOS, and blood tests can help assess glucose metabolism.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH): Elevated levels of AMH are associated with increased ovarian follicle activity and are often found in PCOS.
Ultrasound: Transvaginal ultrasound may be used to examine the ovaries for the presence of cysts (follicles) and to assess their size. However, the absence of cysts does not rule out PCOS.
Diagnostic Criteria: Diagnosis may be based on established criteria, such as the Rotterdam criteria, which require the presence of at least two out of three features: oligo-ovulation or anovulation (irregular or absent menstrual cycles), clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism (excess male hormones), and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.
It's important to note that the diagnostic process can vary slightly among healthcare providers, and individual cases may be assessed based on specific symptoms and circumstances. If you suspect you have PCOS or are experiencing symptoms associated with it, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate testing. Early diagnosis and management of PCOS can help address symptoms and prevent potential complications.
